Introduction to Tafsir
The Science of Quranic Interpretation
What is Tafsir?
Tafsir (تفسير) is the Arabic term for the interpretation and explanation of the Quran. It is one of the most important Islamic sciences, as it helps Muslims understand the meanings, context, and wisdom behind the verses of the Holy Quran.
The word "Tafsir" comes from the Arabic root "ف-س-ر" which means "to explain" or "to clarify." It involves explaining the Quranic text, its context, the reasons for revelation (Asbab al-Nuzul), and the various interpretations given by the scholars.
Types of Tafsir
Tafsir bil-Ma'thur
Interpretation based on authentic narrations from the Prophet (peace be upon him), his companions, and the early scholars. This is considered the most reliable form of Tafsir.
Tafsir bil-Ra'y
Interpretation based on scholarly reasoning and linguistic analysis, while adhering to the principles of Islamic jurisprudence and avoiding personal opinion.
Principles of Tafsir
- Understanding the Arabic language and its grammar
- Knowledge of the reasons for revelation (Asbab al-Nuzul)
- Understanding the context and circumstances of revelation
- Knowledge of abrogated and abrogating verses (Nasikh wa Mansukh)
- Understanding the general and specific meanings
- Knowledge of the authentic Sunnah and Hadith
- Understanding the consensus of the scholars (Ijma)
Famous Mufassirun (Commentators)
Ibn Kathir (d. 774 AH)
One of the most famous and widely accepted commentators. His Tafsir is known for its reliance on authentic narrations and clear explanations.
At-Tabari (d. 310 AH)
Known as the "Father of Tafsir," his work is one of the earliest and most comprehensive collections of Quranic interpretation.
Al-Qurtubi (d. 671 AH)
His Tafsir is known for its focus on legal rulings and jurisprudential aspects derived from the Quranic verses.
Ibn Abbas (d. 68 AH)
The cousin of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and one of the earliest commentators, known for his deep understanding of the Quran.
Importance of Tafsir
Tafsir is essential for every Muslim because:
- It helps understand the true meaning of Allah's words
- It prevents misinterpretation and misunderstanding
- It provides context and background for the verses
- It helps apply Quranic teachings in daily life
- It strengthens faith and connection with Allah
- It guides proper Islamic practice and behavior
"And We have sent down to you the Book as clarification for all things and as guidance and mercy and good tidings for the Muslims." (Quran 16:89)